mikrotik-chr-installer/chr-installer-en.sh
2026-03-09 08:47:18 +03:00

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#!/bin/bash
set -e
# Output colors
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
NC='\033[0m'
log_info() { echo -e "${GREEN}[INFO]${NC} $1"; }
log_warn() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARN]${NC} $1"; }
log_error() { echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1"; }
log_debug() { echo -e "${CYAN}[DEBUG]${NC} $1"; }
# ============================================
# PASSWORD GENERATION AND SANITIZATION
# ============================================
generate_password() {
local length=$1
tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' < /dev/urandom | head -c "$length"
}
sanitize_input() {
local input="$1"
# Remove dangerous characters: ; " ' ` $ \ / and newlines
echo "$input" | tr -d ';"'\''`$\\/\n\r' | head -c 64
}
# ============================================
# CONFIGURATION
# ============================================
CHR_VERSION="7.16.1"
CHR_URL="https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/${CHR_VERSION}/chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img.zip"
CHR_ZIP="chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img.zip"
CHR_IMG="chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img"
WORK_DIR="/tmp/chr-install"
MOUNT_POINT="/mnt/chr"
# CHR Settings (password auto-generated if not specified)
ADMIN_PASSWORD=""
DNS_SERVERS="8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4"
# Flags
SKIP_AUTORUN=false
FORCE_DOWNLOAD=false
VERIFY_WRITE=true
AUTO_YES=false
AUTO_REBOOT=false
# ============================================
# ARGUMENT PARSING
# ============================================
usage() {
echo "Usage: $0 [options]"
echo ""
echo "Options:"
echo " --clean Clean installation without autorun.scr"
echo " --force Force re-download the image"
echo " --no-verify Skip write verification"
echo " --yes, -y No confirmations (automatic mode)"
echo " --reboot Automatic reboot (requires --yes)"
echo " --version VER CHR version (default: $CHR_VERSION)"
echo " --password PASS Admin password (auto-generated)"
echo " -h, --help Show help"
echo ""
echo "Examples:"
echo " $0 --clean # Clean install with confirmation"
echo " $0 --yes --reboot # Fully automatic installation"
echo " $0 -y --clean --reboot # Automatic clean installation"
exit 0
}
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case $1 in
--clean)
SKIP_AUTORUN=true
shift
;;
--force)
FORCE_DOWNLOAD=true
shift
;;
--no-verify)
VERIFY_WRITE=false
shift
;;
--yes|-y)
AUTO_YES=true
shift
;;
--reboot)
AUTO_REBOOT=true
shift
;;
--version)
CHR_VERSION="$2"
CHR_URL="https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/${CHR_VERSION}/chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img.zip"
CHR_ZIP="chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img.zip"
CHR_IMG="chr-${CHR_VERSION}.img"
shift 2
;;
--password)
ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(sanitize_input "$2")
shift 2
;;
-h|--help)
usage
;;
*)
log_error "Unknown option: $1"
usage
;;
esac
done
# ============================================
# PASSWORD GENERATION (if not specified)
# ============================================
if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" ]]; then
ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(generate_password 16)
log_info "Generated admin password: $ADMIN_PASSWORD"
fi
# ============================================
# ROOT CHECK
# ============================================
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
log_error "This script must be run as root"
exit 1
fi
# ============================================
# BOOT MODE DETECTION (UEFI/LEGACY)
# ============================================
if [[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ]]; then
BOOT_MODE="UEFI"
log_info "Boot mode: UEFI"
else
BOOT_MODE="LEGACY"
log_info "Boot mode: Legacy BIOS"
fi
# ============================================
# DEPENDENCY CHECK
# ============================================
log_info "Checking dependencies..."
REQUIRED_TOOLS="wget unzip fdisk dd mount umount file md5sum xxd"
# Additional tools for UEFI
if [[ "$BOOT_MODE" == "UEFI" ]]; then
REQUIRED_TOOLS="$REQUIRED_TOOLS parted mkfs.vfat"
fi
MISSING_TOOLS=""
for tool in $REQUIRED_TOOLS; do
if ! command -v $tool &> /dev/null; then
MISSING_TOOLS="$MISSING_TOOLS $tool"
fi
done
if [[ -n "$MISSING_TOOLS" ]]; then
log_warn "Missing tools:$MISSING_TOOLS"
log_info "Attempting to install..."
if command -v apt-get &> /dev/null; then
apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget unzip fdisk coreutils mount xxd file parted dosfstools
elif command -v yum &> /dev/null; then
yum install -y wget unzip util-linux coreutils vim-common file parted dosfstools
elif command -v dnf &> /dev/null; then
dnf install -y wget unzip util-linux coreutils vim-common file parted dosfstools
else
log_error "Please install manually:$MISSING_TOOLS"
exit 1
fi
fi
log_info "All dependencies are satisfied"
# ============================================
# WORKING DIRECTORY PREPARATION
# ============================================
mkdir -p "$WORK_DIR"
cd "$WORK_DIR"
log_info "Working directory: $WORK_DIR"
log_debug "Free space: $(df -h "$WORK_DIR" | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}')"
# ============================================
# IMAGE DOWNLOAD
# ============================================
if [[ "$FORCE_DOWNLOAD" == true ]] || [[ ! -f "$CHR_IMG" ]]; then
rm -f "$CHR_ZIP" "$CHR_IMG" "${CHR_IMG}.modified"
log_info "Downloading CHR ${CHR_VERSION}..."
wget --progress=bar:force -O "$CHR_ZIP" "$CHR_URL"
# Check downloaded file size
ACTUAL_SIZE=$(stat -c%s "$CHR_ZIP")
log_debug "Downloaded file size: $ACTUAL_SIZE bytes"
if [[ $ACTUAL_SIZE -lt 30000000 ]]; then
log_error "File too small, download incomplete"
exit 1
fi
# Check file type
FILE_TYPE=$(file "$CHR_ZIP")
log_debug "File type: $FILE_TYPE"
if echo "$FILE_TYPE" | grep -q "Zip archive"; then
log_info "Extracting ZIP..."
unzip -o "$CHR_ZIP"
elif echo "$FILE_TYPE" | grep -q "gzip"; then
log_info "Extracting GZIP..."
gunzip -c "$CHR_ZIP" > "$CHR_IMG"
else
log_error "Unknown format: $FILE_TYPE"
exit 1
fi
rm -f "$CHR_ZIP"
else
log_info "Using existing image: $CHR_IMG"
fi
# ============================================
# IMAGE VALIDATION (EXTENDED)
# ============================================
log_info "Validating image..."
if [[ ! -f "$CHR_IMG" ]]; then
log_error "Image not found!"
ls -la "$WORK_DIR"
exit 1
fi
IMG_SIZE=$(stat -c%s "$CHR_IMG")
log_debug "Image size: $IMG_SIZE bytes ($(( IMG_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 )) MB)"
# Check MBR signature (last 2 bytes of first sector = 55 AA)
MBR_SIG=$(xxd -s 510 -l 2 -p "$CHR_IMG")
if [[ "$MBR_SIG" != "55aa" ]]; then
log_error "Invalid MBR signature: $MBR_SIG (expected 55aa)"
exit 1
fi
log_debug "MBR signature: OK (55aa)"
# Save MD5 of original image
ORIGINAL_MD5=$(md5sum "$CHR_IMG" | awk '{print $1}')
log_info "Original image MD5: $ORIGINAL_MD5"
# Check partition table
log_debug "Partition table:"
fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | grep -E "^(Disk|Device|${CHR_IMG})" || true
log_info "Image validation passed ✓"
# ============================================
# UEFI CONVERSION (if needed)
# ============================================
if [[ "$BOOT_MODE" == "UEFI" ]]; then
log_info "Converting image for UEFI..."
CHR_IMG_UEFI="${CHR_IMG%.img}-uefi.img"
# Original partition sizes
PART1_START=$(fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | grep "${CHR_IMG}1" | awk '{print $2}')
PART1_END=$(fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | grep "${CHR_IMG}1" | awk '{print $3}')
PART1_SECTORS=$((PART1_END - PART1_START + 1))
PART2_START=$(fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | grep "${CHR_IMG}2" | awk '{print $2}')
PART2_END=$(fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | grep "${CHR_IMG}2" | awk '{print $3}')
PART2_SECTORS=$((PART2_END - PART2_START + 1))
# ESP size: 34MB = 69632 sectors
ESP_SECTORS=69632
ESP_SIZE_MB=34
# New image size: ESP + original partitions + GPT overhead
TOTAL_SECTORS=$((2048 + ESP_SECTORS + PART1_SECTORS + PART2_SECTORS + 34))
NEW_IMG_SIZE=$((TOTAL_SECTORS * 512))
log_debug "Creating UEFI image of $((NEW_IMG_SIZE / 1024 / 1024)) MB"
# Create empty image
dd if=/dev/zero of="$CHR_IMG_UEFI" bs=1M count=$((NEW_IMG_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 + 1)) status=none
# Create GPT partition table
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" mklabel gpt
# ESP partition (EFI System Partition)
ESP_START=2048
ESP_END=$((ESP_START + ESP_SECTORS - 1))
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" mkpart primary fat32 ${ESP_START}s ${ESP_END}s
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" set 1 esp on
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" set 1 boot on
# Boot partition (from original)
BOOT_START=$((ESP_END + 1))
BOOT_END=$((BOOT_START + PART1_SECTORS - 1))
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" mkpart primary ext4 ${BOOT_START}s ${BOOT_END}s
# Root partition (from original)
ROOT_START=$((BOOT_END + 1))
ROOT_END=$((ROOT_START + PART2_SECTORS - 1))
parted -s "$CHR_IMG_UEFI" mkpart primary ext4 ${ROOT_START}s ${ROOT_END}s
log_debug "Copying partitions from original image..."
# Copy boot partition
dd if="$CHR_IMG" of="$CHR_IMG_UEFI" bs=512 skip=$PART1_START seek=$BOOT_START count=$PART1_SECTORS conv=notrunc status=none
# Copy root partition
dd if="$CHR_IMG" of="$CHR_IMG_UEFI" bs=512 skip=$PART2_START seek=$ROOT_START count=$PART2_SECTORS conv=notrunc status=none
log_debug "Creating EFI partition..."
# Create loop device for ESP
LOOP_DEV=$(losetup -f --show -o $((ESP_START * 512)) --sizelimit $((ESP_SECTORS * 512)) "$CHR_IMG_UEFI")
# Format ESP
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n "EFI" "$LOOP_DEV" >/dev/null 2>&1
# Mount ESP
ESP_MOUNT="/mnt/chr-esp"
mkdir -p "$ESP_MOUNT"
mount "$LOOP_DEV" "$ESP_MOUNT"
# Mount original boot partition to copy EFI files
BOOT_LOOP=$(losetup -f --show -o $((PART1_START * 512)) --sizelimit $((PART1_SECTORS * 512)) "$CHR_IMG")
BOOT_MOUNT="/mnt/chr-boot"
mkdir -p "$BOOT_MOUNT"
mount -o ro "$BOOT_LOOP" "$BOOT_MOUNT"
# Copy EFI files
if [[ -d "$BOOT_MOUNT/EFI" ]]; then
cp -r "$BOOT_MOUNT/EFI" "$ESP_MOUNT/"
log_debug "EFI files copied from image"
else
# Create minimal EFI structure manually
mkdir -p "$ESP_MOUNT/EFI/BOOT"
if [[ -f "$BOOT_MOUNT/vmlinuz" ]]; then
cp "$BOOT_MOUNT/vmlinuz" "$ESP_MOUNT/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI"
log_debug "Created EFI bootloader from vmlinuz"
fi
fi
# Unmount everything
umount "$BOOT_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null || true
losetup -d "$BOOT_LOOP" 2>/dev/null || true
umount "$ESP_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null || true
losetup -d "$LOOP_DEV" 2>/dev/null || true
rmdir "$ESP_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null || true
rmdir "$BOOT_MOUNT" 2>/dev/null || true
# Use UEFI image instead of original
CHR_IMG="$CHR_IMG_UEFI"
log_info "UEFI image created ✓"
log_debug "New partition table:"
parted -s "$CHR_IMG" print 2>/dev/null || fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG" 2>/dev/null | head -20
fi
# ============================================
# NETWORK PARAMETERS DETECTION
# ============================================
log_info "Detecting network parameters..."
INTERFACE=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n1)
ADDRESS=$(ip addr show "$INTERFACE" 2>/dev/null | grep 'inet ' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | awk '{print $2}' | head -n1)
GATEWAY=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}' | head -n1)
SERVER_IP="${ADDRESS%/*}"
NETMASK="${ADDRESS#*/}"
if [[ -z "$INTERFACE" || -z "$ADDRESS" || -z "$GATEWAY" ]]; then
log_error "Failed to detect network parameters"
log_error "INTERFACE=$INTERFACE ADDRESS=$ADDRESS GATEWAY=$GATEWAY"
exit 1
fi
check_same_subnet() {
local ip="$1"
local gw="$2"
local mask="$3"
IFS='.' read -r i1 i2 i3 i4 <<< "$ip"
IFS='.' read -r g1 g2 g3 g4 <<< "$gw"
local full_mask=$(( 0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - mask) & 0xFFFFFFFF ))
local m1=$(( (full_mask >> 24) & 255 ))
local m2=$(( (full_mask >> 16) & 255 ))
local m3=$(( (full_mask >> 8) & 255 ))
local m4=$(( full_mask & 255 ))
if [[ $((i1 & m1)) -eq $((g1 & m1)) ]] && \
[[ $((i2 & m2)) -eq $((g2 & m2)) ]] && \
[[ $((i3 & m3)) -eq $((g3 & m3)) ]] && \
[[ $((i4 & m4)) -eq $((g4 & m4)) ]]; then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
if check_same_subnet "$SERVER_IP" "$GATEWAY" "$NETMASK"; then
GATEWAY_IN_SUBNET=true
log_info "Gateway in same subnet - using simple route"
else
GATEWAY_IN_SUBNET=false
log_info "Gateway in different subnet - using recursive routing (scope)"
fi
log_info "Interface: $INTERFACE | Address: $ADDRESS | Gateway: $GATEWAY"
# ============================================
# DISK DETECTION
# ============================================
log_info "Detecting target disk..."
echo ""
lsblk -d -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,TYPE | grep -E "(NAME|disk)"
echo ""
# Detect disk by root partition (excludes fd0, sr0, etc.)
DISK_DEVICE=""
ROOT_PART=$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE / 2>/dev/null)
if [[ -n "$ROOT_PART" ]]; then
DISK_DEVICE=$(lsblk -ndo PKNAME "$ROOT_PART" 2>/dev/null)
[[ -n "$DISK_DEVICE" ]] && DISK_DEVICE="/dev/$DISK_DEVICE"
fi
# Fallback: first real disk (exclude floppy, cdrom, loop)
if [[ -z "$DISK_DEVICE" ]]; then
DISK_DEVICE=$(lsblk -ndo NAME,TYPE | awk '$2=="disk" && $1!~/^(fd|sr|loop)/ {print "/dev/"$1; exit}')
fi
if [[ -z "$DISK_DEVICE" ]]; then
log_error "Disk not found"
exit 1
fi
DISK_SIZE=$(lsblk -ndo SIZE "$DISK_DEVICE")
log_warn "Target disk: $DISK_DEVICE ($DISK_SIZE)"
# ============================================
# IMAGE SELECTION FOR WRITING
# ============================================
FINAL_IMG="$CHR_IMG"
if [[ "$SKIP_AUTORUN" == true ]]; then
log_warn "Mode --clean: autorun.scr will NOT be created"
log_warn "Configure CHR manually after boot"
else
log_info "Creating autorun.scr..."
# Create a copy of the image for modification
CHR_IMG_MOD="${CHR_IMG}.modified"
cp "$CHR_IMG" "$CHR_IMG_MOD"
# Mounting
mkdir -p "$MOUNT_POINT"
# For UEFI root partition = 3, for Legacy = 2
if [[ "$BOOT_MODE" == "UEFI" ]]; then
ROOT_PART_NUM=3
else
ROOT_PART_NUM=2
fi
OFFSET_SECTORS=$(fdisk -l "$CHR_IMG_MOD" 2>/dev/null | grep "${CHR_IMG_MOD}${ROOT_PART_NUM}" | awk '{print $2}')
if [[ -z "$OFFSET_SECTORS" ]]; then
if [[ "$BOOT_MODE" == "UEFI" ]]; then
log_error "Failed to determine offset for UEFI image"
exit 1
fi
OFFSET_BYTES=33571840
else
OFFSET_BYTES=$((OFFSET_SECTORS * 512))
fi
log_debug "Mounting partition $ROOT_PART_NUM with offset: $OFFSET_BYTES"
mount -o loop,offset="$OFFSET_BYTES" "$CHR_IMG_MOD" "$MOUNT_POINT"
# Check structure
log_debug "Mounted partition contents:"
ls -la "$MOUNT_POINT/" || true
if [[ ! -d "$MOUNT_POINT/rw" ]]; then
log_warn "Directory /rw does not exist, creating..."
mkdir -p "$MOUNT_POINT/rw"
fi
# Create autorun
if [[ "$GATEWAY_IN_SUBNET" == "true" ]]; then
ROUTE_COMMANDS="/ip route add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=${GATEWAY}"
else
ROUTE_COMMANDS="/ip route add dst-address=${GATEWAY}/32 gateway=ether1 scope=10
/ip route add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=${GATEWAY} target-scope=11"
fi
cat > "$MOUNT_POINT/rw/autorun.scr" <<EOF
/ip dhcp-client remove [find]
/ip address add address=${ADDRESS} interface=ether1
${ROUTE_COMMANDS}
/ip dns set servers=${DNS_SERVERS}
/ip service set telnet disabled=yes
/ip service set ftp disabled=yes
/ip service set www disabled=yes
/ip service set ssh disabled=no
/ip service set api disabled=yes
/ip service set api-ssl disabled=yes
/ip service set winbox disabled=no
/user set 0 name=admin password=${ADMIN_PASSWORD}
/ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat out-interface=ether1 action=masquerade
/file remove [find name~"autorun"]
EOF
# Sync filesystem before unmounting
sync
log_debug "autorun.scr created:"
cat "$MOUNT_POINT/rw/autorun.scr"
# Check that file was written
if [[ ! -s "$MOUNT_POINT/rw/autorun.scr" ]]; then
log_error "autorun.scr is empty or not created!"
umount "$MOUNT_POINT"
exit 1
fi
# Unmount with sync
sync
umount "$MOUNT_POINT"
sync
# Check MD5 after modification
MODIFIED_MD5=$(md5sum "$CHR_IMG_MOD" | awk '{print $1}')
log_debug "MD5 after modification: $MODIFIED_MD5"
if [[ "$ORIGINAL_MD5" == "$MODIFIED_MD5" ]]; then
log_warn "MD5 unchanged — autorun.scr may not have been written"
fi
# Check MBR after modification
MBR_SIG_MOD=$(xxd -s 510 -l 2 -p "$CHR_IMG_MOD")
if [[ "$MBR_SIG_MOD" != "55aa" ]]; then
log_error "MBR corrupted after modification! Signature: $MBR_SIG_MOD"
log_error "Using original image without autorun"
rm -f "$CHR_IMG_MOD"
SKIP_AUTORUN=true
FINAL_IMG="$CHR_IMG"
else
log_debug "MBR after modification: OK"
FINAL_IMG="$CHR_IMG_MOD"
log_info "Autorun configured ✓"
fi
fi
# ============================================
# FINAL CONFIRMATION
# ============================================
echo ""
echo "============================================"
echo -e "${YELLOW} POINT OF NO RETURN!${NC}"
echo "============================================"
echo ""
echo "Image: $FINAL_IMG"
echo "Disk: $DISK_DEVICE ($DISK_SIZE)"
echo "Mode: $BOOT_MODE"
echo "IP: $ADDRESS"
echo "Gateway: $GATEWAY"
echo "Autorun: $(if [[ "$SKIP_AUTORUN" == true ]]; then echo "DISABLED"; else echo "enabled"; fi)"
echo ""
echo -e "${RED}ALL DATA ON $DISK_DEVICE WILL BE DESTROYED!${NC}"
echo ""
if [[ "$AUTO_YES" == true ]]; then
log_warn "Automatic mode (--yes), continuing without confirmation..."
else
read -p "Type 'YES' to continue: " confirm
if [[ "$confirm" != "YES" ]]; then
log_info "Cancelled"
exit 0
fi
fi
# ============================================
# WRITE TO DISK
# ============================================
log_info "Writing image to $DISK_DEVICE..."
# Switch FS to read-only to avoid race condition
log_info "Switching filesystem to read-only..."
sync
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
echo u > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 2
dd if="$FINAL_IMG" of="$DISK_DEVICE" bs=4M oflag=direct status=progress
log_info "Write completed"
# sync not needed - FS is already read-only, dd with oflag=direct writes directly
# ============================================
# WRITE VERIFICATION
# ============================================
# After echo u filesystem is read-only, verification is not possible
# MBR was already checked before writing, dd with oflag=direct guarantees write
log_info "Verification skipped (FS is read-only after remount)"
# ============================================
# COMPLETION
# ============================================
echo ""
log_info "=========================================="
log_info "CHR installation completed successfully!"
log_info "=========================================="
echo ""
if [[ "$SKIP_AUTORUN" == true ]]; then
echo "After boot, configure manually:"
echo " /ip address add address=$ADDRESS interface=ether1"
echo " /ip route add gateway=$GATEWAY"
echo ""
fi
echo "CHR will be available at: ${ADDRESS%/*}"
echo "Admin password: ${ADMIN_PASSWORD}"
echo ""
if [[ "$AUTO_YES" == true && "$AUTO_REBOOT" == true ]]; then
log_info "Automatic reboot in 3 seconds..."
sleep 3
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
echo s > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 1
echo u > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 1
echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger
elif [[ "$AUTO_YES" == true ]]; then
log_info "Reboot manually: reboot"
else
read -p "Reboot now? (y/n): " do_reboot
if [[ "$do_reboot" == "y" ]]; then
log_info "Rebooting..."
sleep 2
echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
echo s > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 1
echo u > /proc/sysrq-trigger
sleep 1
echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger
else
log_info "Reboot manually: reboot"
fi
fi